On Ice: 100-year-old negatives discovered in Antarctic

 

 

Conservators restoring an Antarctic exploration hut recently made a remarkable discovery: a small box of 22 exposed but unprocessed photographic negatives, frozen in a solid block of ice for nearly one hundred years.

These negatives were meticulously processed and restored by a Wellington photography conservator. Antarctic Heritage Trust executive director Nigel Watson said of these never-before-seen images:

"It's the first example that I'm aware of, of undeveloped negatives from a century ago from the Antarctic heroic era. There's a paucity of images from that expedition."

The team from the Antarctic Heritage Trust (NZ) discovered the box in a corner of one of the many supply depots Robert Falcon Scott established for his doomed Terre Nova Expedition to the South Pole (1910-1913). Though Scott reached the Pole, he and his party died of starvation and the extreme cold on their return trip.

The hut was used next by the Ross Sea Party of Sir Ernest Shackleton's 1914-1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. It is believed that this party left the undeveloped negatives.

The Ross Sea Party's expedition is one of those extraordinary efforts in an era of heroic exploration that today has been all but forgotten. In January 1915, the exploration ship Aurora dropped off Shackleton's head scientist, the team's photographer and eight other men on the shore of the McMurdo Sound in the Ross Sea with provisions and equipment to set supply depots for the rest of the team.

Shackleton's would start from the opposite side of Antarctica on the shore of the Weddell Sea, venture to the South Pole then rely on supply depots set by the Ross Sea party for their trip to McMurdo sound. The Aurora would winter offshore, providing a safe haven for the both groups upon their return. Little about the trip went according to plan.

The Aurora broke free from her moorings during a blizzard and was blown out to sea, leaving the Ross Sea Party stranded on the ice.

 

It has been brought to our attention that the photo above, which we originally ran in this story is not actually one of those discovered in the box of negatives.

The proper caption follows:

Reverend Arnold Patrick Spencer-Smith, member of the Ross Sea Party during Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, [between 1914-1916] Reference Number: 1/2-068089-F
New Zealand National Library

Despite incredibly harsh conditions and the loss of the Aurora, the marooned men continued to lay food and equipment stations for Shackleton's crossing. But in their isolation, they were unaware that he had been forced to abandon the crossing after the Endurance was crushed in pack ice, making their supply depots unnecessary.       

It was not until January 1917 that the Aurora returned to rescue the Ross Sea Party. By then three men had died, including Arnold Patrick Spencer-Smith, believed to be the party's photographer. These images bear witness to the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

You can find the full photo collection on the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust website here. 

We've previously covered the story of Frank Hurley, photographer for several Antarctic expeditions, including the very same expedition believed to have left the photos described in this story. (Hurley was part of the Waddell Sea Party whose plans to cross Antarctica were dashed when the Endurance was crushed in pack ice.)

This story first appeared in our December 20th newsletter. You can subscribe here.