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Appeals court rules on image search engines!
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(Thursday, February 14, 2002 - 15:10 EST)

Decision finds that thumbnailing of images by search engines constitutes fair use, but inline linking infringes copyright...

In a court case that will likely be of interest to digital imaging enthusiasts and professionals who distribute their works over the Internet, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled on the case of Kelly v Arriba Soft, Corp. Leslie A. Kelly, the plaintiff, sued Arriba Soft (which at the time operated an image search engine at arribasoft.com, and now does business under the name Ditto.com Inc.)

Kelly claimed that Arriba infringed on his copyright when it's software "crawled" his website, and without his knowledge or permission created thumbnails of his images which were stored on the arribasoft.com servers. He further alleged that the company's process of "inline linking", whereby it showed his full-sized original images through its own web pages from January 1999 to August 2000, further violated his copyright.

Appeals Court Judge Taylor's ruling, disclosed in a press release distributed by Kelly on February 6th, affirms one of his claims but denies the other. The court ruled that inline linking of images is not covered by fair use, and constitutes infringement of copyright since it violates Kelly's exclusive right to publicly display his images. However, the ruling also stated that thumbnails of Kelly's work on the arribasoft.com servers were allowed under "fair use", because the thumbnails were of much lower quality than the originals, and hence didn't lower the value of his work, harm his ability to license or sell the images, and could actually serve to lead people seeking the full-sized images to his site.

This is an important decision not only in that it will allow image search engines to continue to build archives of thumbnails, but that it provides clear case law that inline linking of images from another website does indeed violate copyright. The entire text of Judge Taylor's ruling can be read here.

Original Source Press Release:

Kelly Wins

Huntington Beach, CA. February 6, 2002 - Leslie A. Kelly, Plaintiff, Kelly v Arriba Soft, Inc, announced today that the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled in his favor for copyright infringement and remanded the case back to the US District Court, Santa Ana, California, for determination of damages.

"I am quite pleased to learn that my original case filed in April 1999 against Arriba Soft has come down in my favor. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has determined the case as it was filed, a simple case of vicarious copyright infringement, by Arriba Soft, Inc., whose true use was disguised as an "image search engine". I was not surprised by the wisdom of the Circuit Judges who reached the decision. I am quite pleased to see that copyright owners worldwide now have case law to enhance their protection from rogue start up image search engines, such as Arriba Soft's Arriba Vista Image Searcher and Diggit! Image Search, and other infringers that seek to make "easy millions" using intellectual property without license.

"I am also pleased to see the decision that image search engines can use thumbnail images under "fair use" so long as they link directly to the webpage to show the image in its original context as it was intended by the website owner! This puts them on the same par as text engines and will enhance their usefulness for all concerned. To isolate images and present them outside the context of the original purpose of the website owner is now very clearly illegal!

"It should be carefully noted that this decision affirms that existing US Copyright Law protects images located on the Internet. Kelly v Arriba Soft will now take its place with other Internet copyright law decisions such as recent important cases won against Napster (music) and Tasini v NY Times (republication of news stories) and Jerry Greenberg v National Geographic (reuse of images on CD-ROM).

"I wish to thank my Attorneys, Charles Ossola, Arnold & Porter, Washington, DC, who handled the appeal process before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Jule Sigall, Arnold & Porter, who assisted with the case, and to Steven L. Krongold, Arter & Hadden, Irvine, CA, who prosecuted the case before the US District Court in Santa Ana. I also wish to acknowledge the strong support of creators of intellectual property worldwide who have been supportive of my actions. The list includes Vic Perlman, American Society of Media Photographers, Inc., Philadelphia, Steven Schubert, Graphic Artists Guild, New York, The Author?s Guild, Inc, North American Nature Photography Association, National Music Publishers' Association, The Harry Fox Agency, Inc., American Institute of Graphic Arts, American Society of Journalists and Authors, Visual Artists and Galleries Association, Inc., The National Writers Union, The Picture Agency Council of America, The Association of Medical Illustrators, and The Society of Illustrators."

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