Nikon Coolpix 8400 Digital Camera By: Shawn Barnett & Dave Etchells Nikon broadens its 8-megapixel lineup, with a wide angle 3.5x zoom model, but the same legendary Nikon feature set! Review Date: 09/16/04 Updated: 12/13/04

	*	8.0 (effective) megapixel CCD delivers images up to 3,264 x 2,448 pixels.
	*	Nikkor lens provides 3.5x, 24-85mm equivalent zoom range.
	*	"Articulated" LCD tilts/swivels 270 degrees.
	*	White balance bracketing and noise reduction modes extend capability.
	*	Electronic viewfinder for optimum framing accuracy

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Manufacturer Overview

Announced September 16, 2004, the Nikon Coolpix 8400 fills-in the high end of Nikon's "prosumer" lineup. It incorporates most of the features of the top-end 8800 model, minus the 8800's anti-shake system and long zoom lens. With one of the widest-angle zoom lenses on the market (extending down to 24mm equivalent focal length), the Nikon 8400 marks out territory of its own though, as an ideal high-end digital camera for anyone forced to shoot in confined spaces. (Realtors come immediately to mind.) With an 8-megapixel sensor, a 3.5x zoom lens with ED glass, and the panoply of advanced features we've come to expect from the upper end of Nikon's digicam line, the Nikon 8400 is designed to compete at the middle of the "prosumer" digital camera market. At the same time though, optional fully automatic operation and a rich collection of 12 "scene" modes make it easy for even rank amateurs to use. All in all though, the new Nikon Coolpix 8400 is probably going to be most appealing for the new possibilities offered by its ground-breaking 24mm equivalent wide angle lens. - Read on for all the details! 

Nikon Coolpix 8400 High Points

• 8.0-megapixel CCD delivering image resolutions as high as 3,264 x 2,448 pixels.
• 3.5x, 6.1-21.6mm Nikkor ED lens with 24-85mm zoom equivalent focal length range.
• As high as 4x digital zoom.
• Electronic viewfinder (235,000 dot) with information display.
• 1.8-inch color LCD monitor (134,000 dot) with swivel design.
• Automatic and manual focus control, with adjustable focus area.
• Maximum aperture of f/2.6-4.9 depending on zoom setting.
• Available shutter speeds from 1/3,000-second to eight seconds, ten minutes in Bulb mode.
• Program AE, Flexible Program AE, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual exposure modes.
• 256-segment Matrix, Center-Weighted, Spot, and AF Spot metering modes.
• Eight White Balance modes with a White Balance Bracketing mode.
• Auto sensitivity or ISO equivalents of 50, 100, 200, and 400.
• Image Adjustment menu, Sharpness, Saturation, and Noise Reduction controls.
• Continuous, High Speed Continuous, Ultra High Speed Continuous, Multi-Shot 16, Best Shot Selector, and Movie (with sound) shooting modes.
• "Best Shot Selector" or BSS, captures multiple images (up to 10) in low light where the image is likely to be blurred; the camera then selects the sharpest and saves it to the card.
• "Exposure BSS" takes up to five shots and selects the best for shadow and highlight detail.
• Built-in self-timer.
• Built-in, pop-up flash with five settings.
• AF Assist Lamp.
• Voice Memo function.
• External flash hot shoe.
• Images and movies stored to CompactFlash Type I or II memory cards, plus MicroDrive.
• Uncompressed TIFF, NEF (RAW data), JPEG, and QuickTime and WAV file formats.
• USB cable and interface for quick connection to a PC or Macintosh.
• Power supplied by rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack (included) or optional AC adapter.
• NTSC or PAL video outputs with appropriate cable included.
• Digital Print Order Format (DPOF) compatibility.

User Report

Introduced at the same time as its larger brother, the Coolpix 8800, the Nikon Coolpix 8400 is both similar at heart and vastly different in purpose, as different as two brothers can be. While the former is far-sighted and stable with its long zoom and vibration reduction, the latter is more circumspect with its extremely wide angle zoom lens, yet it reacts more quickly when you want it to. Deep down, however, they've the same basic set of guiding principles, down to the level of menu options.

The body designs and very purpose of both these cameras are so different that it's important to have your use for each camera clearly defined before you commit to either. The good news is that both are feature rich offerings from a company that has had some time to figure out what works and what doesn't.

I have to admit that after spending time with the Coolpix 8800 before it, the 8400 seemed a little unexciting. After all, everyone loves a big zoom, and you can't get more gee-whiz than vibration reduction, both major features of the 8800. But when you realize the implications of a digital camera with a lens that reaches out to 24mm at its wide-angle end, something changes. When you realize that this is the only such digital camera on the market (as of December, 2004 anyway), the value of the 8400 comes to the fore. Most of us are so used to digital cameras and even film cameras that start at about 35mm equivalent and zoom in from there that we never knew anything was missing.

The widest lens available on the Coolpix 8400's nearest competitor is a 28mm equivalent, only reaching 24mm with an external adapter and accessory lens. Those of us who scrimped and saved for our first 24mm lens remember the bliss of seeing the world through that wide eye. Your perspective changes completely. Mere dirt on the ground becomes an interesting part of a greater canvas, and the mundane takes on new significance if you put it in the foreground of a scene that reaches beyond the trees to the sky. 24mm really is the entry level to this world, but you can do amazing things with your photography when you have this powerful--some would say essential--tool. In some situations (real estate photography comes immediately to mind), truly wide-angle capability is an outright necessity.

Every pro has at least one wide angle lens in their bag. If they don't, they're saving for one. Up until now, that lens had to be for an SLR, or else an accessory lens for a prosumer digital camera. Now, for the first time, a digital camera with a built-in zoom has one as its main lens. When you add the .75x wide angle accessory lens, we're looking at a Coolpix capable of 18mm. Suddenly this short-zoom digicam doesn't look so boring.

The Coolpix 8400 has an excellent swivel LCD, and an electronic viewfinder (EVF). We've made no secret that we view EVFs as a necessary evil in camera design, but it is peculiar to see one on a wide angle digicam. However, just as it is difficult to build a rangefinder optic that will match a 350mm equivalent zoom, it's tough to make one that will handle 24mm equivalent wide angle without having the camera's own lens get in the way. Add an accessory lens, and you can forget about the rangefinder altogether. So Nikon took the smart way out and eliminated a lot of customer complaints. They gave us an excellent and versatile swivel screen, and added a higher resolution EVF for when it's too bright out to use the LCD panel. The eyepoint relief of the EVF is excellent, by the way. I can see the entire frame without my glasses even touching the rubber guard around the EVF's opening. Excellent. The big diopter correction wheel to the left of the EVF is powerful, able to correct for all of the various eyeballs here in the office. We were also pleasantly surprised at the EVF's low light performance, still showing at least some detail in a nearly dark room.

Like its brother, the Nikon Coolpix 8400 has comprehensive capabilities, including Nikon's standard set of continuous modes. I'm not a big continuous mode user, but those who are will have even more fun than I did with both of these cameras. My favorite continuous mode, Ultra High Speed, captures up to one hundred 640 x 480 images in just over three seconds. That's 30 frames per second. Your Coolpix could help analyze and improve your golf swing, and with that wide angle lens you could even catch the ball as it heads for the trees.

The one drawback to Ultra High Speed mode is that no matter how many pictures you capture in other modes after doing an Ultra HS shot, that set of UHS images will always come first when you switch to playback mode--and with the ability to capture 100 images in just over three seconds, you're going to be wasting a lot of time looking at nearly identical 640 x 480 images just trying to get back to the 8 megapixel image you just shot. This turns out to be a problem with folders, because each sequence captured in UHS mode gets saved into its own folder. Each folder name ends up with a name that puts all the photos in front of any subsequent photos captured into the default NIKON folder. This is potentially very handy, because it groups all your UHS shots together, and can keep them tucked out of the way if you just do a little preliminary housekeeping with folder names on the memory card you're using. The problem is that the separate folders created to hold the UHS images are ahead of the main "Nikon" folder alphabetically, so any (and all) UHS images will always appear in playback mode before the most recently shot normal images stored in the Nikon folder. There's unfortunately no complete solution to this problem. The simple workaround is to go into the Folder sub-menu in Playback mode and select only the NIKON folder (or other folder you may have created yourself) for playback. This will effectively hide any UHS files from view during normal browsing of images on the memory card. The downside is that you'll have to go back to the Folder sub-menu to re-enable viewing of the other folders any time you decide you want to look at your UHS shots. What would really help would be a feature in the Playback mode where you could zoom back out past "Index" view into a Folder view where you could more easily switch between folders, without having to venture into the LCD menu system.

Best Shot Selector mode is another of my favorite modes, because it allows you to get a great shot in low light without a tripod, and without filling up your card with multiple attempts. The camera fires off up to 10 shots, analyses each, and picks the sharpest one. It then saves only that one shot to the card. In the Nikon 8400 and 8800, the Best Shot feature has been extended to handle exposure bracketing as well, with a clever implementation that lets you shoot for best detail in either the highlights or the shadows, or split the difference between the two.

Another bonus to consider with the Nikon Coolpix 8400 is its comparative superiority to most digital video cameras for certain applications. After all, most video cameras--digital or otherwise--have fallen victim to the same market forces that digital still cameras have: that of the battle of the X's. Long zoom reigns supreme in the video marketplace, and if you know zoom design, you know that to increase your X number (as in "40X zoom!") you have to compromise on the wide angle portion. Not with the Coolpix 8400. You can take wide angle videos that your camcorder couldn't do even with a lens attachment. The limiting factor is that you only get DV-quality movies for 60 seconds. Believe it or not, that's long enough to videotape all the way through the Happy Birthday song and see your kid blow out her candles (with a little left over to capture the glow on her cheeks and part of the fight about who gets the biggest piece). Switch to the lower-quality 320 x 240 mode, and you can record until you fill the card.

Focus with the Coolpix 8400 is also pretty fast. This is partly due to the camera's Hybrid autofocus system. A passive "AF Ranging" sensor located on the upper left of the camera (as viewed when holding the camera from the back) does the rough focus work so that the camera's usual contrast-detection method can more quickly refine the focus to sharp. As a result, the Coolpix 8400 has a noticeably shorter AF shutter lag than the 8800 when using its Hybrid AF system. Unfortunately, the sophisticated AF Area Mode options that let the camera determine focus from specific parts of the frame, under either automatic or manual control require the Hybrid AF system to be disabled, stretching shutter response to match the more leisurely pace of the 8800.

You should be more like your brother...

While I like a lot about the 8400 from a technical standpoint (features, lens, and performance), I'd have been happier if more of the rest of the Coolpix 8800's ergonomic niceties had made it to the 8400. Buttons and crucial controls that are perfect on the 8800 are just a tad out of reach on the Coolpix 8400, requiring the user to stretch too much, especially to oft-used controls like the zoom rocker and AE/AF lock button. The right-side camera strap lashing point is right where the web of my index and middle finger wants to rest, and the triangle-shaped ring often pinches my fingers when I'm trying to hold the camera. Were a strap attached, I'd have to thread it through my two fingers and up out of the way as I shot. Since I don't shoot with a strap, I would most certainly "accidentally" snip this ring off with my Leatherman(tm) in a freak accident.

Finally, the grip could be a little better contoured. As it is, the balls of your fingertips can't get a really solid purchase on the inside. I can't imagine what happened here, because the Nikon D70 and Coolpix 8800 both have excellent grips, with just the right angle to support the weight of the camera. The Nikon 8400, despite the large size of the grip, always felt like it wanted to slip out of my hand. This is true despite that all four fingers find a comfortable home on the grip; the index on the shutter, and the remaining three below that. The 8400 and 8800 both use the same battery, so the bulk of the battery can't account for this difference between the two models.

The good news is that all of the above can be adapted to. If any of the items I mention are truly important to you, then you were warned, but I honestly wouldn't let any of them get in the way of my own purchase of this camera. Own any camera and you'll get used to its quirks.

The first market I'll be recommending the Nikon Coolpix 8400 to is obvious: Realtors. A wide angle lens is critical to their work of photographing home interiors (or exteriors, at short shooting distances). Interior designers and contractors will also need such ability. No other non-SLR digital camera is up to the task as well as the Coolpix 8400, at least at the time of this writing. As I mentioned, others require an external lens adapter and lens. That's not a bad thing, but it is an additional purchase, and usually makes the camera quite a bit bigger, most often blocking the real-image optical viewfinder. That won't be a problem with the 8400, because of its EVF viewfinder. I also often tell Realtors that having a swivel screen can be important as well, because they can back themselves into a corner, hold the camera over their head, and use the swivel LCD to frame an unusual and often beautiful shot from the furthest possible corner of a room. With the Nikon 8400, the wide angle lens will make the most of every extra inch.

Naturally, those who've been frustrated by the lack of a truly wide angle digital camera in the marketplace should also give the Coolpix 8400 a closer look. Because the 8400 fulfills the one mission that the 8800 does not, a few true enthusiasts (fanatics?) might invest in both and hang them around their necks to cover all possibilities. Admittedly, that's a big investment, but add up the cost of a Nikon D70 with a very wide angle zoom and a very long zoom with VR to surpass the capabilities of these two cameras, and the combination exceeds $4,300. The combo of the Coolpix 8400 and Coolpix 8800, costing less than half that amount and covering the 24mm to 350mm range might start to make sense. After all, you can't take video with a D70, and you can't shoot 30 fps, either. These high-end prosumer cameras do still have their purpose.

Nikon has given you a choice. Go for a long zoom with vibration reduction with the 8800--an excellent choice for sports fans, bird watchers, or zoom lovers--or expand your vision with a wide angle lens to help you capture everything you need in a tight space while retaining some moderate zoom capability out to 85mm (great for portraits). Remember that the 8400 isn't exactly incapable of good telephoto either, thanks to its accessory lens mount. The two main accessory lenses can extend your vision out to 18mm with the WC-E75 Wide-angle Converter or in to 255mm (3x) with their new TC-E3PF "Phase Fresnel" Telephoto lens (we can't wait to see this, by the way).

Our impression of the 8400 is that it's a solid performer that breaks new ground for digicams. Now that we've had the opportunity to test a production model, we can say that its image quality holds up to that of the 8800 as well, making it a solid choice for anyone needing the ultimate in a wide-angle digital camera.

Design

Similar in concept and programmed features to the new Coolpix 8800, but much smaller with its 3.5 x 6.1-21.6mm (35mm camera equivalent 24-85mm) zoom lens, the Coolpix 8400 is a function-rich, but very compact camera, well suited to travel and general photography. Its most salient characteristic is perhaps the wide-angle capability of its zoom lens. Most modern point-and-shoot digicams start at around 35mm, but the Coolpix 8400 starts at a groundbreaking 24mm, great for realtors, builders, and anyone looking to explore wide angle photography. The tradeoff of course, is that the 8400's 3.5x zoom stops a little short of true telephoto territory, with its maximum 85mm equivalent focal length. This camera packs a lot of pixels (8 million) and features into a midsize package that is not quite shirt- or pants-pocketable, but still very portable. The Coolpix 8400 controls are nicely laid out, with all buttons and dials except the Manual/Autofocus button within reach of the right index finger or thumb, although the Command dial is recessed more and a little harder to turn than those on some other Coolpix cameras, the larger 8800 model prominent among them. The Coolpix 8400 has a "Vari-angle" LCD design that swivels, very useful for getting the shot from various angles, including from directly in front of the camera. (Good for self-portraits, or working with a model.) The camera has a well balanced, all-black plastic body that weighs in at only 16.8 ounces (478.8 grams) with battery and memory card included. The 8400 is definitely stowable in a jacket pocket or purse, with dimensions of 4.4 x 3.2 x 3.0 inches (113 x 82 x 75mm).

Visible on the front panel are the lens and metal lens ring, built-in speedlight, Autofocus-assist illuminator and Self-timer lamp, Autofocus ranging sensor and Infrared receiver. The lens extends about 1 1/4" when set to either the wide or telephoto extreme, but shortens to just under 1" at the middle settings, an unusual pattern apparently caused by the way lens element groups are moved inside the lens barrel to change the angle of view. A cap clips over the end of the lens and stays in place even when it telescopes out when the camera is turned on, a useful feature because the front element is only very slightly recessed. At the base of the lens, a removable metal ring covers threads for attaching an adapter for accessory lenses. Accessory wide, fisheye, and telephoto lenses are available, the telephoto being especially of interest given the built-in lens's maximum 85mm equivalent focal length. Adjustment to an auxiliary lens is not automatic; users must tell the camera which add-on lens is mounted via a Record mode menu option. The flash pops up in the center of the body, a little off line with the lens. To the right of the flash head, at the extreme upper right of the front panel (as viewed from the front of the camera), is the Autofocus-assist illuminator, which does triple duty as a self-timer lamp and as a shot-confirmation lamp as well. Just under it is the Autofocus ranging sensor that helps the camera quickly focus to near the range necessary so that the camera's contrast detection method can more quickly take over and refine focus (this would have been helpful on the Coolpix 8800, which is sometimes a little slower getting to focus in low light). At the bottom right of the front panel, the Infrared receiver accepts signals from the camera remote. A large hand grip, coupled with the deep recess between the grip and the lens barrel, provides a reasonable hold on the camera, but you'll have to be a bit more careful not to drop this camera due to the lack of a straight inside angle for the pads of the fingers to really grip, as we saw on the Nikon Coolpix 8800.

The camera's right side (as viewed from the back) houses the memory card compartment (a Type I and II Compact Flash slot) and an eyelet for the neck strap. The positioning of the neck strap eyelet relative to the controls on the camera's top is one aspect of the 8400's design that I really didn't care for. With the camera hanging from a neckstrap, the strap comes up right where your index finger wants to come around to reach the shutter button and other top-panel controls. You have to reach around it either fore or aft, a somewhat awkward arrangement. I like the positive snap-action operation of the memory compartment cover: The spring action is apparently contained in the hinge mechanism, and it feels much better than the usual friction snap-latch I commonly find on the outside edges of these flaps on most cameras I test. The ejection button can be a little confusing if you get out of sync with it though. It works like a pen plunger: In order to extend the release so that it can push the card out, you first have to press in to make it pop out. Once it's extended, you can press in again and it releases the card and then stays pressed in, as long as you pressed it back in far enough. When it doesn't stay in, you'll find that the door will not close after inserting a new card.

The left side of the camera holds the second neck strap eyelet, a connector compartment, and the speaker. A rubbery flap covers the connector compartment, which houses the USB and A/V Out jacks. The flexible but substantial flap remains fastened to the camera body and folds out of the way easily. Also visible from this angle is the diopter adjustment dial on the viewfinder eyepiece.

The top of the camera has a handful of controls and a small status display panel. You can set the flash pop up feature to "manual" to pop it up using the Flash button, or the camera will pop it up automatically when needed. The hot shoe has the standard five-contact design used by the Nikon Speedlights, but should also host some third-party flash units. The small status display panel reports a number of camera settings, including battery power, and is very useful for making quick camera adjustments. Top panel controls include the On/Off switch and Shutter release, and the Function, Flash control, and Exposure compensation/Voice record buttons, along with a button to illuminate the small control panel. A Command dial just below the Mode Dial top panel of the 8400 is used in conjunction with various buttons on the body of the camera to change settings.

The remaining controls and user interface elements for the Coolpix 8800 are on the back of the camera. At top left is an impressively high-eyepoint electronic viewfinder (EVF) eyepiece, with a diopter adjustment dial on the left side and a nice rubber guard, important for wearers of glasses. To the right of it is the Autoexposure/Autofocus Lock button. A rocker button in the top right corner controls optical and digital zoom, as well as playback viewing options. Right of the LCD are the Menu and Quick review buttons, Five-way controller, and the Erase and Display buttons. Just below the LCD are the Manual Focus-Auto Focus button--easily reached only by the left hand--and the monitor select button (this switches between the EVF and swivel LCD). When the Manual Focus button is held in, the right thumb can be used to make manual focus adjustments with the Command Dial.

The Command Dial on the Coolpix 8400 was another design element that I found myself less than happy with. On the Coolpix 8800, the Mode Dial is set back slightly on the top panel, so its edge sits in a different plane than the Command Dial. On the 8400 though, the two controls are more or less directly in line with each other, and I found it more awkward to adjust one without jiggling the other. Not a huge point, but this was one of the factors that left me liking the 8800 quite a bit more than the 8400.

The 8400 has a "vari-angle" LCD monitor, which lifts off of the back panel and swings outward. Once out, the monitor swivels 270 degrees. In addition to facing a variety of angles, the LCD can flip around and face the back of the camera when closed, protecting it from scratches.

Viewfinder

A feature in the 8400 that entered the Nikon line with the Coolpix 5700 is the electronic viewfinder (EVF), essentially a miniaturized version of the LCD monitor, complete with information and menu screens, but sheltered from the sun in a more traditional viewfinder with an "optical viewfinder" feel. The Monitor Select button below right of the viewfinder switches the view back and forth between the EVF and LCD monitor displays. Though you can call up the LCD menus in the EVF display, I found it rather tedious to actually make menu selections that way. It's much easier to use the larger display of the LCD monitor for menu navigation. Still, the EVF's informative display reports exposure settings, camera mode settings, and battery information, all of which are useful during normal operation. The EVF comes in handy when shooting outside in extremely bright sunlight that washes out the LCD, or when nearby reflections just make viewing an otherwise good outdoor LCD uncomfortable. A diopter adjustment dial, tucked on the left side of the eyepiece, adjusts the view to accommodate eyeglass wearers, and the micro-LCD used in the 8400's EVF has higher than average resolution, with 235,000 pixels (101,000 more than the rear-panel LCD display). The high eyepoint of this viewfinder allows eyeglass wearers to see the entire image while wearing their glasses. Through the Setup menu, you can specify whether the EVF or LCD monitor automatically activates by default at camera startup.

The 1.8-inch, 134,000-dot, low-temperature polysilicon TFT color LCD monitor features a swivel design, plus brightness and hue adjustment. The LCD monitor actually lifts up off of the back panel, flipping out toward the left side of the camera. Once opened, the LCD monitor can swivel around to face up or down over about a 270 degree range of rotation. You can also turn the LCD monitor around to face the camera and then close it to protect the monitor from any accidental scratches. I really like swiveling LCD designs, as they greatly increase the camera's shooting flexibility, allowing you to hold the camera at a variety of angles and still clearly see the LCD display. (They're particularly handy for over-the-head shots in crowds, or for ground-level macro shooting.)

A nice touch in the Coolpix 8400's LCD viewfinder implementation is that you can adjust not only the viewfinder brightness, but its color (hue) as well. A menu option lets you adjust the viewfinder color toward either the blue or the red ends of the spectrum, to help match the viewfinder display to the actual color balance of your captured images. I applaud this, but note that having control only over blue/red tints is only a partial solution. (Technically, you need separate controls for red, green, and blue, in order to be able to completely control the display color. You could getaway with only varying two of these relative to the third, but I suspect that full control would result in a bewildering user interface. Still, I'd like to see some attempt to offer more complete color adjustment. Big kudos to Nikon for providing any sort of LCD hue adjustment though.)

The Coolpix 8400 features a new 9-point autofocus system (shared with its sibling, the 8800). The camera automatically chooses between nine different autofocus zones, or you can lock it in on any one of them manually. In auto mode, only the areas the camera chooses will be illuminated in red; otherwise they do not appear. In manual mode, all nine points appear onscreen at all times, shown in white, while the selected point appears in red.

Beyond the zone-based AF indication though, the Coolpix 8800's viewfinder offers a number of display options in capture mode. Pressing the DISP button cycles through the various options, which include a basic display showing no information at all (in Manual AF mode, the nine AF points appear), a display that includes information on a fair number of camera settings, a display with a live histogram graph overlaid on the image, and a new mode that adds a rectangular alignment grid.

A Quick Review function lets you quickly check the last exposure while still in record mode, simply by pressing the Quick Review button above the LCD screen. This isn't an uncommon feature on digicams, but what's absolutely unique on the Coolpix cameras is the "picture in picture" review mode (shown here), which opens a playback window in the upper left-hand corner of the display screen, while keeping the viewfinder image live on the remaining LCD area. Note too, that this image isn't restricted to the most recently captured photo. You can scroll through all the images on the memory card by pressing the rocker button arrows. The first press of the Quick Review button activates the picture in picture review mode, a second press enables full-screen playback, and a third press returns you to full capture mode. At any point, pressing the Shutter button returns you to capture mode and snaps a picture.

In Playback mode, the LCD offers a wealth of information via several display pages. In total, no fewer than six information screens are available, accessed by first pressing the DISP button then turning the Command dial in playback mode. The first display is the standard Playback information readout, which reports the date and time of the shot, file name, quality setting, and the image number on the card. The next three screens report a long listing of camera and exposure settings, including the firmware version, focal length, shutter speed, ISO, etc. A fourth information page shows a histogram view of the image, illustrating the distribution of brightness values in the image, with the left edge corresponding to pure black, and the right edge to pure white. Once you learn how to read it, a histogram is very useful in determining whether you've managed to capture a good exposure or not. Ideally, a well-exposed image would produce a histogram curve that just filled the graph from left to right, indicating that it contained a full range of tonal values. The final information screen shows lens, shutter, and focus settings, and indicates (by the red brackets) what the autofocus system had locked onto when the picture was taken. Histogram displays won't always show you if only a small portion of your image is blown-out: To address this need, the 8400 blinks those parts of the image that are overexposed, letting you see exactly where you're losing highlight detail. Very nice. (Although, as with most Nikon digicams, I've generally found the 8400's blinking highlights a little too aggressive in what they choose to warn you about.)

Also in Playback mode, the LCD offers a thumbnail index display, showing either four or nine images to a page depending on the setting. The Zoom Rocker button controls the index display, as the wide-angle side of the zoom lever increases the number of thumbnails displayed (from one to four to nine). The telephoto side returns to the single image display, and also activates the playback zoom, which enlarges the displayed image up to 10x. When you're zoomed in on an image, you can pan around the image with the rocker control. Pressing the shutter also captures a cropped image of the current LCD display and saves it as a new file. You can then zoom in on the cropped image even further. An unexpected plus.

EVF Under Low Light
As you might expect, the Coolpix 8400 seems to use the same EVF as I initially encountered in its big brother, the 8800. In playing with this EVF, I was pleased to discover that Nikon has improved its functioning over that of the 8700, in a way that I'd asked for. On the 8700, the EVF responded to the camera's ISO setting pretty directly: Higher ISO's produced brighter EVF displays under darker conditions. I discovered though, that changes in EVF sensitivity lagged changes in the ISO setting by a few seconds. The viewfinder display was at least somewhat usable down to surprisingly low light levels with the ISO set to 400, but it took a good 6-10 seconds for the display to brighten after changing from a lower ISO setting. If I wanted to shoot at lower ISO settings to minimize image noise, I had to set the ISO up to 400 to frame the shot, then dial it back down to whatever value I wanted to shoot at. This was feasible, but far from convenient.

In the 8400 (and 8800), the Nikon engineers have implemented what amounts to a "viewfinder only" ISO boost, that dramatically increases the sensitivity of the EVF and rear-panel LCD viewfinder under low light conditions, regardless of the ISO selected to shoot at. This viewfinder sensitivity boost is still applied fairly slowly, in that it can take a number of seconds for the viewfinder display to become usable in dark conditions after the camera has been exposed to bright lighting, but this seems like an entirely acceptable solution. - There's no longer any need to jack up the ISO just to frame the subject, then set it back down to actually take the shot. The net result is that the 8400's EVF is one of the best at low light levels that I've yet seen, usable down to 1/16 foot-candle. (That's about 4 f-stops down from typical city street lighting at night.) Kudos to the Nikon engineers, and thanks for listening to my suggestions!

Optics

The Coolpix 8400 features a 3.5x Nikkor 6.1-21.6mm ED lens, the equivalent of a 24-85mm lens on a 35mm camera. The maximum aperture varies from f/2.6 to f/4.9, depending on the lens zoom setting, with the largest aperture available when the lens is at its maximum wide angle focal length. Minimum aperture is f/7.2 at wide angle, 7.7 at telephoto, and a maximum of 7.9 somewhere in between. (The minimum aperture fluctuates both up and down slightly as you zoom from wide to telephoto focal lengths.) Apertures are adjustable in 10 steps with one-third EV increments, and are created by a seven-blade iris diaphragm. (The seven-blade diaphragm is a nice but subtle touch- it will produce less distortion in sharp, specular highlights than apertures made by diaphragms with fewer blades in them, and hence more irregular shapes. The seven-blade iris also provides finer-grained aperture control than simpler designs.)

Focus on the Coolpix 8400 operates under automatic or manual control, and features Macro and Infinity focus modes as well. The Coolpix 8400's autofocus mechanism employs a combination of infrared and contrast-detection methods. The front-mounted infrared focus sensor establishes rough focus, after which the CCD-based multi-point AF system sets final focus. One interesting consequence of the dual nature of the 8400's AF system though, is that the camera focuses much more quickly when the Auto Area Focus Mode is turned off, allowing the hybrid AF system to be used. (A few important notes here: The camera's factory-default setup is to have the AF Area Mode disabled and Hybrid AF enabled, which is the fastest focusing mode. It's possible that a camera may have been set up differently in the store by a salesperson though, so you should check explicitly to see that the camera is set up properly for fastest shutter response. If you disable AF Area Mode, but leave the camera in Normal vs Hybrid AF mode, you'll see little or no speed improvement. You need to disable AF Area Mode and set the focusing to Hybrid to get the best shutter response. Note too, that Manual AF Area selection is only slightly faster than Auto Area selection, as both modes disable the Hybrid AF system.)

The Focus option under the Record mode settings menu allows AF area selection under automatic control, or lets you manually set the location of the autofocus area. (This last is a nice feature that works well when combined with the spot metering mode, which can likewise be directed to link exposure to the same zone.) In the "Auto" option for focus area selection, the camera chooses the area corresponding to the subject closest to the camera. When the area focus option is set to Off, the camera bases focus on the central area. Two AF modes are also available: Continuous AF and Single AF. Continuous AF mode means that the camera constantly adjusts the focus, good for moving subjects. It should be noted that because the camera is always focusing, it will make a noise as long as the camera is on, because it is constantly trying to focus and refocus on the selected AF point. Many users have written us in the past about cameras operating in this mode, finding the constant burbling of the focus actuator disturbing. Continuous AF mode also tends to use power more quickly, so it should only be used when necessary. In Single AF mode, focus is only determined when the Shutter button is halfway pressed.

The fully manual focus option is accessed by pressing the AF button on the camera's side and turning the Command dial. A distance scale in the LCD monitor reports current focusing distance in a very general sense, showing a bar that extends from a macro symbol on one side to an infinity symbol on the other. The minimum focusing range depends strongly on the lens zoom setting, so the focus-distance display turns red if you try to manually focus closer than the lens can support at its current focal length. I have to say that I dislike the 8400's distance readout because it makes it difficult or impossible to know the actual focusing distance you've selected. I've often had occasion to set an approximate manual focus distance in advance of a shot, based on my estimate of the subject's distance. (After-dark candid and wildlife photography are two situations where I've frequently needed to do this.) I would think Nikon could use the combination of lens focal length and focus-motor position to derive the actual focusing distance. - Certainly, I've seen numeric distance readouts on cameras from a variety of other manufacturers, so it's technically possible.

For those situations when you can actually point at your subject long enough to set the focus visually, a "Focus Confirmation" option (available as a menu selection in Record mode) applies a strong "sharpening" operator to the LCD display. The result is that the LCD image very clearly "snaps" into focus when proper focus is achieved, making the LCD display much more useful than it ordinarily would be for manual focusing. Focus Confirmation can be set to be on all the time, off all the time, or only on when the camera is being manually focused. This is another Nikon trick that I'd like to see more camera manufacturers adopt.

The Coolpix 8400's digital telephoto feature is enabled through the Zoom option under the Setup menu, and enlarges images as much as 4x. An indicator on the LCD monitor displays a bar graph showing the approximate level of digital zoom. Keep in mind though that digital telephoto only enlarges the center of the image, reducing resolution in direct proportion to the amount of digital zoom used. Also under the Zoom menu option, you can turn the digital zoom off and activate the Fixed Aperture function, which keeps the aperture fixed as the lens zooms. (This last being a very handy option when working with studio strobes or other strobes with fixed output levels and no exposure feedback from the camera.)

There's a set of body threads around the base of the lens barrel, protected by a metal ring, for attaching an adapter barrel for accessory lenses. The 8400 can accept wide, telephoto, and fisheye lenses with the use of an optional adapter.

Autofocus performance under low light on the 8400 seems similar to that on prior Coolpix models, aided by an AF-assist light nestled next to the hand grip for better results. In my informal testing, the AF system could focus on sharply-defined, high-contrast objects in total darkness out to about 6 feet or so, but it did considerably better with at least some ambient light, and the focus performance was also very dependent on the contrast level of the subject involved. Though there are many similarities between the Coolpix 8400 and it's brother the 8800, they do differ a fair bit in their ability to focus well in low light. This is due not only to the shorter zoom, but also to the phase-detect IR AF assist or prefocus system mentioned earlier. The bottom line is that the Coolpix 8400 focuses much more quickly in dim lighting than does the 8800.

Exposure

Nikon digital cameras have consistently provided extensive exposure controls, and the Coolpix 8400 is no different. The camera offers a choice of Program AE, Flexible Program AE, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual exposure modes, accessed by turning the new Mode dial. Shutter speeds range from 2-1/3000s in the Auto and Program modes, and 8-1/3000s in Shutter, Aperture, and Manual modes. The shutter speed is actually limited to 1/1500 unless you choose an aperture of f/4.5 or above, which the camera does automatically for you except when you're in Aperture priority mode (in which case it will simply go no higher than 1/1500). In Manual mode it will force the camera to f/4.5 or above (depending on your zoom setting, this goes up to f/6.0) when the Shutter speed is set to 1/3000. Similar to what we saw on the 8800, the Coolpix 8400 changes minimum apertures as you zoom out toward maximum telephoto. Actually across the entire zoom range it fluctuates between 7.1 and 7.9, back and forth depending on what step you're on.

You can choose between a Bulb setting (allowing shutter to be held up to ten minutes) or a Timed Release option with settings of 30 seconds and 1, 3, 5, or 10 minutes. When ULTRA HS is selected for Continuous shooting, the shutter speeds range from 1/30-1/8000s (again, to reach above 1/1500, the aperture needs to be f/4.5 or smaller). Like other Coolpix models, the 8400 uses a noise reduction technology that's based on a form of "dark frame subtraction," whereby a second exposure is snapped immediately after the first, but with the shutter closed. The pattern of noise in this "dark frame" is then subtracted from the image itself, resulting in a drastic reduction in apparent noise levels. (I suspect that the actual algorithm is more complex than simple subtraction though, involving data substitution to prevent black pixels where the noise current saturated the CCD pixel sensor.) This Noise Reduction can be enabled via a menu option, and is applied to any exposure longer than 1/4 second. The 8400's manual notes that the time to save the resulting image to the card more than doubles with Noise Reduction enabled.

Adding to the usefulness of the fully-automatic Program AE mode, the Flexible Program AE (P) option lets you select from a range of exposure settings by turning the Command dial. (Simply turn the Command dial on its own while in Program mode, and an asterisk appears next to the "P" in the LCD display. Further rotation of the Command dial cycles through the available combinations of shutter speed and aperture that correspond to the exposure level the camera has selected.) Flexible Program AE lets you choose from several equivalent exposures, allowing you to decide between a faster shutter speed or a smaller lens aperture. Personally, I find this more useful than the more common aperture- or shutter-priority metering options, as it gives the camera more latitude to get the shot you want, while letting you express a "preference" for larger or smaller aperture settings.

The Coolpix 8400 uses the 256-Segment Matrix system by default, but also offers Center-Weighted, Spot, and AF Spot metering options. The 256-Segment Matrix setting determines the exposure based on 256 separate areas in the frame, taking into consideration both overall brightness as well as contrast levels to determine the best overall exposure. Center-Weighted metering measures light from the entire frame but places the greatest emphasis on a circular area in the center. Spot metering is pretty self-explanatory, taking a reading from the dead center of the image (best when using the AE Lock function). With AF Spot, the spot metering actually centers on the specific focus area selected, giving you the option for off-center spot metering. (See the previous Optics section of this review for a discussion of the 8400's AF Area focusing mode.)

An ISO adjustment option offers a range of values, including Auto, 50,100, 200, and 400 ISO equivalents. White balance choices include Auto, Daylight, Incandescent, Fluorescent, Cloudy, Speedlight, or Preset (which lets you manually adjust the white value by using a white card or object as a reference point). All white balance settings except Preset and Fluorescent (adjustable by type of fluorescent bulb) can be adjusted from -3 to +3 units on an arbitrary scale. There's also a White Balance Bracketing mode, which captures three images at slightly different white balance adjustments, so you can pick the best image when you get them all back on your computer. I think both of these options are very useful, as I often find myself wanting to tweak one of a camera's preprogrammed white balance values to my liking. White balance "tweak" adjustments like this are becoming more common, but I wish even more manufacturers would adopt them.

Exposure compensation on the Coolpix 8400 is adjustable from -2 to +2 exposure equivalents (EV) in one-third step increments, in all exposure modes. Simply hold down the exposure compensation button and turn the Command dial. The Auto Bracketing feature takes three or five shots of the same subject with varying exposure values determined either by the photographer in Manual mode or by the camera in all other modes. Exposure settings for bracketing can vary from -1 to +1 EV (values are added to the already chosen exposure compensation value), with step sizes of 0.3, 0.7, or one EV unit.

Another signature Nikon feature is the Image Adjustment menu. This menu offers options to increase or decrease contrast. Like other recent Coolpix digicams, the 8400 also provides a range of color saturation options, covering a five-step scale plus and Auto and Black & White. Unlike some cameras, the Coolpix 8400 actually increases detail when recording in B & W, rather than simply discarding color information. Additionally, a Sharpness adjustment controls the amount of in-camera sharpening applied to the image, with a three-step range of adjustment, plus Off and Auto.

One of the really unique Nikon digicam features, the Best Shot Selector (BSS), captures several images in rapid succession, and lets the camera choose only the sharpest (least blurred) or the best exposed image to be saved. Best Shot Selector set to sharpness makes it feasible to handhold the camera for surprisingly long exposures - I've routinely handheld 1/2 second exposures and gotten good results with Coolpix cameras. You can check your own work immediately by using the Quick review button. I've really enjoyed the available-light and low-light photos BSS has let me bring home those times when I've taken a Nikon digicam with me on a trip or outing. Since it chooses the sharpest image from among several that it shoots though, it's at its best when you have a fairly static subject. When shooting people-pictures, it tends to miss fleeting expressions. Still, it's a remarkably useful photographic tool, one I'd be happy to see on cameras from other manufacturers. (I seem to end up saying that a lot when talking about unique Nikon features.)

New on the 8400 (and 8800 as well) is an "Exposure BSS" feature. Like standard BSS, this option shoots several frames in sequence, while you hold down the shutter button, but this time varies exposure between shots. While many cameras offer automatic exposure bracketing, the Nikon Exposure BSS approach is unique, in that the camera analyzes the results, and only saves the image with the best exposure. Exposure BSS has three options, called Highlight, Shadow, or Histogram. Highlight Exposure BSS looks for the brightest image that still shows significant detail in the highlights. Shadow Exposure BSS does the opposite, looking for the darkest exposure that still shows good exposure in the shadows. Histogram BSS represents a combination of the two, as it tries to balance any loss of detail between highlight and shadow areas. - Big kudos to Nikon for this feature, which should be useful to a great many photographers.

The Coolpix 8400 lets you save two sets of User settings for focus, exposure, and other camera options for rapid recall via the setup menu. This is a real time saver in rapidly switching between widely different sets of shooting conditions. User changes to the camera's settings default to setting 1, unless setting 2 is specified.

Finally, a Self-Timer mode provides a short countdown between a full press of the Shutter button and the actual exposure. The Coolpix 8400 lets you select either a three- or 10-second delay. The shorter delay is great for those times when you're talking a long exposure on a tripod, and want to use the self-timer to trip the shutter so you won't jiggle the camera.

Flash

The Coolpix 8400 features a built-in, pop-up flash with five modes available, including Auto, Flash Cancel, Anytime Flash, Auto Red-Eye Reduction, Slow-Sync and Rear Curtain Sync. The Slow-Sync option is useful when shooting subjects with darker or dimly-lit backgrounds (such as night scenes) because the camera leaves the shutter open longer, firing the flash before the shutter closes. This allows more ambient light into the image, avoiding the starkly-lit appearance of standard nighttime flash shots. It can also provide a nice motion blur effect. Red-Eye Reduction mode fires a pre-flash before the main exposure, to reduce the reflection from the subject's pupils. Rear Curtain Sync creates a trail of light behind moving subjects.

The top-mounted hot shoe accommodates a more powerful external flash, either a Nikon dedicated unit, or a generic third-party one. According to Nikon's documentation, the Coolpix 8400's hot show is set up to work with Nikon Speedlight models SB-600 and SB-800, and the SC-28 and SC-29 sync cables for off-camera flash. Unlike earlier high-end Coolpix models, Nikon does not seem to support connection of the 8800 to older models of Nikon Speedlights, although I suspect that many of them would provide at least some level of compatibility.

One of the nicest surprises with the Coolpix 8400 though, is that it finally supports the zoom heads on the SB-600/800 external speedlights. (Thank you, Nikon!) As you zoom the 8400's lens with an SB-600 or -800 attached, after each zoom movement (at least, at wide-to-normal focal lengths), you'll hear the zoom motor in the flash head actuate. This can really help with flash shots at telephoto focal lengths, ad the light from the flash will be concentrated on a much smaller area, significantly increasing the usable range of the flash.

Finally, a major feature of the SB-600/800/Coolpix 8400 combo is that either flash offers true Through The Lens (TTL) flash metering when used with the camera. This is a really significant benefit, particularly with a long-ratio zoom lens, as it makes it possible to get accurate flash exposures, even when zoomed way in on a subject that's a significantly different color/reflectance than the background. Very few prosumer-level digicams offer true TTL flash metering, and even fewer do so when used with external flash units.

One remaining feature that may still seem to be "missing" relative to Nikon speedlights is external-flash-based autofocus assist illumination. Both the SB-600 and SB-800 speedlights incorporate infrared autofocus assist illuminators, which aren't utilized by the Coolpix 8400. While some readers will doubtless wonder why this is the case, use of an IR AF assist light may have fundamental issues, given that the contrast-detection portion of the 8400's AF system is based on the signal coming from the CCD, and the CCD in the 8400 (like those in most digicams) has an IR filter over it to improve color rendition.

Continuous Shooting Modes
The Coolpix 8400 offers a number "motor drive" rapid-exposure modes for capturing quick sequences of images. Six modes (Continuous L, Continuous H, Ultra High Speed Continuous, Multi-Shot 16, 5-shot Buffer, and Interval Timer Shooting) are selectable under the Continuous option of the settings menu. Continuous L mode captures as many as 11 frames at 1.2 frames per second (the first frame seems to take a little longer, so the buffer will hold 12 frames, but they aren't all captured at 1.2 frames per second). Continuous H mode captures as many as five frames at 2.3 frames per second (LCD and EVF turn off while capturing in this mode). In Ultra High Speed Continuous mode, the Coolpix 8400 captures as many as 100 frames at 30 frames per second, VGA resolution (640 x 480). Multi-Shot 16 mode subdivides the image area into 16 sections and captures a "mini-movie" of small images (816 x 612 resolution), which fills-in a 4x4 array within a single 3,264 x 2,448 pixel image as the shooting progresses. Frame rates in Multi-Shot 16 are as fast as 1.7 frames per second. 5-shot buffer mode captures full res images at .7 frames per second, allowing the user to just hold the shutter button down while following or waiting for the action; and once the button is released, the last five frames are saved from the buffer to the card. This allows photographers to capture the apex of an event whose apex they cannot predict. It would be nice if the frame rate could be increased if shot at 5 megapixel resolution, but it's a great feature nonetheless. Finally, the Interval Timer Shooting mode lets you continuously shoot time-lapse images, with intervals of 30 seconds, or 1, 5, 10, 30, or 60 minutes between shots.

Movie Mode
The Coolpix 8400 also records moving images with sound. In TV Movie mode, new to the series, the camera captures an impressive 30 frames per second at 640 x 480 for a maximum of 60 seconds. Small Movies are recorded at QVGA (320 x 240 pixels) resolution for as long as the card can record (over 14 minutes or 895 seconds, according to Nikon with a 256MB card). Time lapse movies are limited to 640 x 480 resolution, and a max of 1050 images, for a maximum playback time of 35 seconds at 30fps. Frame capture intervals in time lapse movie mode can be set to 30 seconds, or 1, 5, 10, 30, or 60 minutes. Another odd mode is Sepia movie mode, which is only five frames per second at 320 x 240, with a max whatever the card can store. Many competing cameras currently on the market can record movie segments of arbitrary length, limited only by available memory card capacity. Frankly though, I think that the ability to take lengthy movies is overrated. Most television shows and movies change shots every 10 seconds to one minute, and for good reason: Taking short video snapshots usually results in better videos, capturing just enough of the flavor of an event to get the message across, without leaving your audience bleary-eyed and bored. (Of course, there's also the argument that you'll often want to film a longer clip, and then chop out just the most interesting part of it. In that scenario, longer maximum recording times are indeed helpful, provided you have the technical savvy and desire to do video editing.)

Shutter Lag/Cycle Times

When you press the shutter release on a camera, there's usually a lag time or delay before the shutter actually fires. This corresponds to the time required for the autofocus and autoexposure mechanisms time to do their work, and can amount to a fairly long delay in some situations. Since this number is rarely reported on (and even more rarely reported accurately), and can significantly affect the picture taking experience, I routinely measure both shutter delay and shot to shot cycle times for all cameras I test, using a test system I designed and built for the purpose. (Crystal-controlled, with a resolution of 0.001 second.) Here are the numbers I collected for the Nikon Coolpix 8400:

The programmable Function key adds some limited flexibility, letting you customize the camera to your specific shooting needs by assigning a single frequently used setting to the top-panel FUNC button. With the use of various dials and buttons, you can adjust exposure compensation, exposure mode, focus controls (manual focus setting, macro, and infinity focus) and flash mode without the LCD. ISO value, Image quality, Image size, White balance, Continuous mode, and User setting bank 1 or 2 can also be adjusted without the LCD, if they are assigned to the FUNC key. However, only one of these functions can be assigned to the FUNC key at any one time. This inconvenience is mitigated by the fact that the Mode dial on the Coolpix 8400 has separate settings that allow quick access for White Balance, ISO, and Image mode (quality and size), although you are taken out of the Recording mode in the process of using them. The top-panel monochrome status display provides clear feedback for all of the settings accessed via the buttons and Command wheel. When you do have to delve into the LCD menu system, navigation via the Five-way controller is intuitive and quick. In normal operation, many of the camera's functions are controlled by a combination of hitting a button and turning the Command dial, which usually makes it fast and efficient to change settings. Control layout is also logical, allowing one-handed operation for commonly changed functions, and requiring a two-handed approach only for manual focus setting.

The two available User settings allow you to pre-set an wide range of features. Any changes to settings on the Coolpix 8400 go to User setting 1 by default, unless setting 2 is specified. As mentioned above, White balance, ISO, and Image size and quality can be accessed directly by the Mode dial, without toggling through the menu system.

Reading the manual is essential to understanding many of the functions of the Coolpix 8400. Its feature set is rich and deep, and the reward for the extra research is a thorough understanding of a very capable camera.

Controls

Shutter Button: Located on top of the camera (slightly sloping down in front) and encircled by the Power switch, this button sets focus and exposure when halfway pressed and fires the shutter when fully pressed.

Power Switch: Surrounding the Shutter button on the camera's top panel, this dial turns the camera on or off.

Function Button: Just behind the shutter release, this button can be assigned via the Setup menu to one of the following functions: White balance, Image quality, Image size, Sensitivity (ISO), Continuous shooting, and User setting. The selected function can then be controlled without using the LCD menu. You simply hold down the FUNC button and move the Command dial to adjust the setting. The small Control panel displays the changing settings, as will the LCD panel or viewfinder.

Flash Button: Just behind the function button, this button adjusts the flash setting in all still recording modes except for the those where flash has been cancelled by the user, the Scene modes for which flash has been disabled by Nikon, and when settings such as Continuous do not allow the flash to fire. By repeatedly pressing the button, you can set the flash for Auto, Flash Cancel, Auto Red Eye, Anytime Flash (fill), Slow sync, and Rear curtain sync. Icons for each setting are shown in the Control panel, and can be displayed in the LCD and viewfinder.

Exposure Compensation/Voice Memo Button: Directly to the right of the Flash button, this button adjusts the amount of exposure compensation (from-2 to +2 exposure equivalents (EV) in one-third step increments) when held down while turning the Command dial. When in full-frame Playback mode, voice memos can be added to photos up to 20 seconds long. Hold the button down while recording. A music note icon appears onscreen when a voice memo is attached to a photo, and pressing the Voice Memo button plays the note. The zoom controls change the volume up and down.

Illuminate Button: Behind the Flash button, this button activates a green back light behind the status display panel, so you can read the displaying dark conditions.

Mode Dial: Located in the right rear corner of the top panel, the Mode Dial is the heart of the 8400's control system. It selects between eight major operating modes, including Playback mode, Auto, Program, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority, full Manual, and Scene still capture modes, and Movie mode. A Setup option calls up the three-screen setup menu on the LCD or EVF display, while three setting options let you adjust White Balance, ISO, and Image Size/Quality without having to delve into the menu system.

Command Dial: Located just below the right hand corner of the top of the camera, this rotary control is used in conjunction with a number of the other buttons on the camera to change camera settings. Pressing the appropriate button and rotating the dial one way or the other steps through the options available for the setting in question. In programmed exposure mode, rotating the dial at any time (e.g., with no button pressed) varies the exposure program, biasing it toward larger or smaller aperture settings. (A very handy way to control depth of field in your photos, without having to bother with the aperture priority exposure mode.)

Diopter Adjustment Dial: Hidden on the left side of the viewfinder eyepiece, this small, black dial adjusts the viewfinder to accommodate eyeglass wearers.


AE / AF Lock Button: Just to the right of the viewfinder eyepiece, this button locks exposure and/or focus when pressed. A setting in the Record menu assigns either AE only, AF only, or both to the button.

Zoom Control: Located near the top of the back panel, between the AE/AF-L button and Command Dial, this rocker control operates the optical zoom in all capture modes. Likewise, when digital telephoto is enabled, this button controls the amount of digital zoom (from 1.1x to 4.0x).

In single-image playback mode, pressing the "T" side of the rocker repeatedly zooms in on the image, while pressing the "W" side of the control reverses the zoom. Pressing the "W" side again after reaching a full-frame view switches to a four-image thumbnail view, and another press switches to a nine-image thumbnail view. Pressing the "T" side of the control steps back through the sequence in the other direction. These buttons also control volume in Voice Memo playback mode.

Five-way controller: Situated on the right side of the rear panel, this control features four arrows that allow the user to navigate through the LCD menu system and make selections in Record and Playback modes. Different menu items are selected via the up/down arrows. Pressing the right arrow selects the item, generally taking you into a sub-menu. Pressing the left arrow takes you back out again. Once in a sub-menu, the up/down arrows again step between items, while a right-arrow selects. This process continues until you arrive at the final point of selection, upon which a press on the center, or "fifth" button sets the selection.

In Playback mode, the left and right arrows scroll through captured images. If an image has been enlarged, with the Zoom control, all four arrows pan around within the view.

Menu Button: Adjacent to the top right corner of the LCD monitor, this button brings up the settings menu in all capture modes and in the Playback mode. Pressing it a second time cancels the menu display.

Quick Review Button: Beneath the Menu button, this button calls up a thumbnail sized display of the most recently captured image while in either record mode, appearing in the upper left-hand corner of the viewfinder display, overlaid above the live viewfinder image. The left and right arrow keys scroll through the remaining captured images on the memory card. Pressed a second time, it expands the thumbnail view to a full-screen display of the captured images on the card, complete with an image information overlay. The Quick Review mode is canceled by pressing the button a third time, or by half-pressing the Shutter button.

Erase Button: Just below the Quick Review button, this button calls up the Erase menu in Playback mode, which lets you delete the displayed image. There is an option to cancel. In Record mode, it sets the self timer: one press for 10 seconds, two presses for 3 seconds, a third press to cancel.

Display Button: Directly below the Erase button, this button controls the information overlay in Playback and any Record mode. Pressing it once turns off the information display, while a second press recalls it. When information display is on, you can use the Command dial to change among several screens worth of information, in both Playback and Record modes.


Monitor Select Button: Just below the lower right corner of the rear-panel LCD, this button toggles the viewfinder display back and forth between the EVF and LCD monitor. Since there's no optical viewfinder, there's no "off" setting to disable the electronic viewfinders entirely.


MF--AF Focus Mode Button: Pressing this button cycles between normal autofocus mode, Landscape mode (infinity focus), and Macro mode (close focus). Rotating the Command Dial while pressing and holding this button down puts the camera in to Manual Focus mode and adjusts the focusing distance.

Camera Modes and Menus

The Coolpix 8400's operation revolves (no pun intended ;) around the Mode Dial, located in the rear, right hand corner of its top panel. The Mode Dial selects one of eight operating modes for the camera, plus a setup mode and three parameter-adjustment settings. The operating modes are Auto, Program, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority, Manual, and Scene still-capture modes, Movie mode, and Playback mode. The three parameter-adjustment positions let you set White Balance, ISO, and Image size/quality.

With the exception of Auto mode, all of the operating modes have menu systems associated with them, accessed by pressing the Menu button on the camera's rear panel. You navigate through the menu system by using the 5-way controller's arrow keys and central Select button to move a cursor and confirm selections, but some submenus also let you select options by rotating the Command Dial, without actually entering the submenu itself. Submenus having this option are marked on the LCD screen with a rotating dial icon when they are selected.

Recording Mode (still images)
Nikon's higher-end "prosumer" digicams have a somewhat different setup in their menu system from that found in most competing models. The limited function offering on the initial "My Menu" can be confusing to first-time users, but does offer some efficiency for more experienced owners of the cameras. Our advice to new owners is to scan through the options available in the full menu system (see the "Show all menus" option at the bottom of the My Menu), and then select a subset of your most frequently used options to appear in the My Menu. Customizing the My Menu like this can make the camera much easier and more intuitive to operate. (Likewise, assigning a commonly-used function to the FUNC button makes for smoother operation as well.)

With the above as a preface, let's take a look at the 8400's still-capture menu screens: 

My Menu
As just noted above, this first menu lets you select any six submenus to appear on the screen, based on the settings you're likely to want to adjust most often. The default choices are: Metering, Continuous, BSS, Image adjustment, Saturation control, User setting, and Show all menus. The "Show all menus" settings lets you scroll down through all three menus. In many cases the Command dial can be used to scroll through submenu choices without actually selecting the submenu with the Five-way controller. The features allowing use of the Command dial are indicated on the menu by the Command dial icon (represented by a small disk with arrows beneath). Having a My Menu is good, but having to bypass it when you want more is sometimes annoying. The trick is to hit the up-arrow and press the Enter key (the Five-way controller's center button), which takes you to the *real* menu. Unfortunately there appears to be no way to disable My Menu


Menu One (1/3)
Once you leave the Coolpix 8800's My Menu, the menus do get complex enough to warrant a table to describe them.

Menu Two (2/3)

Menu Three (3/3)

Playback Mode
No surprises here, the Coolpix 8400's Playback mode lets you view and manage images stored on its memory card. The Playback mode menu system is very straightforward, with two screens of primary options. (No My Menu in this mode.)

Menu One (1/2):

Menu Two (2/2):

Scene Mode

Offers a choice of fifteen different "scenes" that correspond to common situations. A variety of camera settings are automatically adjusted to give optimum results for each scene type.

Menu Selection	Options	Notes
Portrait	Focus area selection	Favors larger apertures for softer backgrounds. Focus area selectable via multi-selector.
Party/Indoor		Use to capture lighting effects in background.
Night portrait	Focus area selection	Longer shutter time combined with flash balances exposure between subject and background.
Beach/Snow		Reduces tendency to underexpose bright scenes.
Landscape		Enhances colors and contrasts.
Sunset		Uses fixed white balance setting and a little negative exposure compensation to preserve deep hues.
Night landscape		Slow shutter speed with noise reduction.
Museum		Engages BSS to capture sharpest image when hand-holding.
Fireworks show		Slow shutter speed to capture bursts, small lens aperture to preserve color in streamers.
Close up	Focus area selection	Engages macro focusing, allows manual selection of focus area.
Copy		For black copy on white background.
Back light		Activates fill flash for subject.
Panorama assist		White balance and exposure are fixed on first shot in series to avoid exposure or color variations between shots.
Sports		Favors fast shutter speeds.
Dusk/Dawn		Uses fixed white balance setting to preserve colors. Turns on noise reduction.

Movie Mode:
The Coolpix 8400 can record movies with sound (except for time-lapse movies, which are silent) ranging in length from 60 seconds at 640x480 resolution to the limit of the available card in 320x240, sepia, and black & white (895 seconds for 256 MB card).

Setup Mode Menu One (1/3):

Setup Mode Menu Two (2/3):

Setup Mode Menu Three (3/3):

Image Mode
This mode-dial option lets you adjust image quality and size settings without having to delve into the normal record mode menu system. Its entries are just duplicates of those for the Image Mode submenu, found on the second screen of the full record menu. As such I won't include a new screenshot here, but do repeat the menu options for the sake of clarity.

Sensitivity Mode
This is another Mode dial option that simply repeats a menu option, this time one that's available both on the main Record menu, as well as the default My Menu. This option lets you adjust the camera's light sensitivity to ISO equivalents of 50, 100, 200, 400, or let the camera control it automatically.

White Balance Mode
The third and final Mode dial option that repeats a menu option, letting you adjust the camera's response to differently colored lighting.

Image Storage and Interface

The Nikon Coolpix 8400 uses standard CompactFlash Type I or II memory cards, but no "starter" card is included with the camera. Given the size of the camera's images, purchasers should seriously consider getting at least a 256MB card. Captured images can be individually write-protected through the Playback menu, but write protected files are only immune to accidental deletion, not card reformatting. File formats include several levels of compressed JPEG files as well as an uncompressed TIFF mode (HI quality setting) and RAW (NEF) mode. (Both TIFF and RAW settings are only available at maximum resolution.) Available image sizes are 3,264 x 2448 (8MP), 3,264 x 2176 ( 3:2 ratio), 2,592 x 1,944 (5MP), 2,048 x 1,536 (3MP), 1,600 x 1,200 (2MP), 1,280 x 960 (SXGA or 1MP), 1,024 x 768 (XGA or PC), and 640 x 480 (VGA or TV). The table below details the Coolpix 8400's approximate file sizes and compression ratios in all its various image size/quality combinations, with file capacities shown for the 256 MB card size that I recommend as a minimum for this camera.

Like most modern high-end digicams, the Nikon 8400 supports the FAT 32 directory standard, and so can make full use of memory cards larger than 2 GB. (I did verify that it properly formatted and recognized a 4GB Lexar CF card.)

The Nikon 8400 uses a USB interface to connect to a host computer for image downloading. Like many higher-end cameras these days, it's a "storage class" device, which means that Mac users on OS 8.6 or greater, or Windows Me, 2000, or XP users can just plug the camera into their computers and have it appear as a removable hard drive. Data transfer is quite fast, as I clocked it at 1,678 KBytes/second on my Windows XP machine. This is quite a bit faster than any cameras using a USB v1.1 interface, and well within the middle range of USB 2.0-equipped models.

Recommended Software: Rescue your Photos!
Just as important as an extra memory card is a tool to rescue your images when one of your cards fails at some point in the future. I get a lot of email from readers who've lost photos due to a corrupted memory card. Memory card corruption can happen with any card type and any camera manufacturer, nobody's immune. A surprising number of "lost" images can be recovered with an inexpensive, easy to use piece of software though. Given the amount of email I've gotten on the topic, I now include this paragraph in all my digicam reviews. The program you need is called PhotoRescue, by DataRescue SA. Read our review of it if you'd like, but download the program now, so you'll have it. It doesn't cost a penny until you need it, and even then it's only $29, with a money back guarantee. So download PhotoRescue for Windows or PhotoRescue for Mac while you're thinking of it. (While you're at it, download the PDF manual and quickstart guide as well.) Stash the file in a safe place and it'll be there when you need it. Trust me, needing this is not a matter of if, but when... PhotoRescue is about the best and easiest tool for recovering digital photos I've seen. (Disclosure: IR gets a small commission from sales of the product, but I'd highly recommend the program even if we didn't.) OK, now back to our regularly scheduled review...

Video Out

US and Japanese versions of the Coolpix 8400 include an NTSC video cable for connecting to a television set. European models will doubtless support PAL timing and connections, given the Video Mode option in the settings menu. All images that would normally appear on the LCD are routed to the external video display so that the television screen becomes an enlarged version of the LCD monitor and can be used both for image playback and composition.

Power

The Nikon Coolpix 8400 runs on a rechargeable EN-EL7 lithium-ion battery pack, housed inside the hand grip, or an external AC adapter which plugs into the side of the camera (available as a separate accessory). The camera can also utilize six AA batteries via the optional MB-CP10 battery pack. With a capacity of 1100 mAh, the EN-EL7 battery in the Coolpix 8400 (also used in the new 8800) represents a significant increase in capacity over the EN-EL1 battery used in Nikon's earlier high-end Coolpix models, which only had a capacity of 680 mAh.

The Coolpix 8400 unfortunately uses a custom power connector, so I wasn't able to perform my usual direct power measurements on it. In use, its battery did seem to last quite a long while though, and I measured its worst case run time (capture mode, with the rear-panel LCD illuminated) at 2 hours and 56 minutes (176 minutes total), a very good performance indeed, and a dramatic improvement over the battery life of the earlier 8700 model.

Included Software

The Nikon Coolpix 8400 ships with Nikon's own Picture Project 1.0 for Mac and Windows. This is a rather basic organize/view/print application, although it does provide the (limited) ability to convert RAW files to JPEG format: You'll almost certainly still want some sort of commercial image-editing application (like Adobe Photoshop or Photoshop Elements) as well, and serious users will want a better workflow tool for working with RAW-format images.

Picture Project is clearly intended for novice digital camera users. It installs drivers that watch for the connection of digital cameras via the computer's USB port, or memory cards inserted into card readers. When either is detected, it offers automatic transfer of images to your hard disk, generating a catalog of them in the process. (It can also build a catalog of images already on your disk, if you so desire.) Very basic image editing tools are provided to adjust brightness, color, and sharpness, and convert color images to either black and white or sepia monochromes.

For advanced users, Picture Project's biggest limitation will most likely be its awkward handling of RAW-format files. You can make adjustments like brightness (although not exactly digital exposure compensation, calibrated in EV units) and color, but then have to save the NEF RAW file to disk and return to the application's Organize mode before you can export it as a JPEG.

Given Picture Project's RAW-file limitations, advanced users will undoubtedly want to examine the more advanced Nikon Capture software, or one of the several third-party programs for managing RAW files. Options there include Mike Chaney's Qimage Pro, (an excellent program for very high-quality printing, although I'm not certain of Mike's current level of NEF-format support), Eric Hyman's Bibble and MacBibble (as I write this in early September 2004, Eric is almost (but not quite) ready to release Bibble 4.0). Adobe's Photoshop CS now also supports a variety of RAW formats directly as well.

PictureProject is clearly aimed at the first time digital camera user, it installs tray applications which monitor for connection of digital cameras via USB or cards inserted into card readers and then provides automatic transfer of images to the hard disk, cataloging them as it does so. You can also have the application catalog images already on your hard disk. It provides basic image editing including Brightness, Color, Sharpness and Photo Effects (B&W/Sepia).

In use I found PictureProject to feel a little awkward and incomplete, for example you double-click on an RAW to go into Edit mode where you can apply adjustments such as brightness (although not specifically digital exposure compensation) you then have to save the NEF go back to Organize mode select the image then do File -> Export as JPEG to convert the RAW file to JPEG. It doesn't support output to TIFF and doesn't provide adjustment of white balance or digital exposure compensation. PictureProject simply felt like a half finished solution and several steps back from Nikon View.

In the Box

The following items will be packaged with production models of the Nikon Coolpix 8400:

• Lens cap
• Neck strap
• NTSC Audio/Video cable (PAL for European models)
• USB cable
• Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery EN-EL7
• Battery Charger MH-56
• Remote Controller ML-L3
• Software CD
• Quick Start Guide
• Instruction Manual

Test Results

In keeping with my standard test policy, the comments given here summarize only my key findings. For a full commentary on each of the test images, see the Nikon Coolpix 8400's "pictures" page.

As with all Imaging Resource product tests, I encourage you to let your own eyes be the judge of how well the camera performed. Explore the images on the Coolpix 8400 pictures page for the, to see how the Nikon 8400's images compare to other cameras you may be considering.

• Color: Bright, saturated color, but good hue accuracy. (Color was virtually identical to that of the 8800, so my comments here mirror those for the 8800.) The Nikon Coolpix 8400 tends to emphasize bright colors, boosting both saturation and brightness in the most intense colors in a scene. Fortunately, it reigns in the saturation on less-saturated colors, so skin tones look natural. (Its color saturation adjustment works well. Users who prefer less saturated, more technically accurate color may find themselves quite happy with the Nikon 8400, if they dial down the saturation one notch.) White balance was generally quite good: While I often noticed very slight color casts with each white balance setting, they were within the range of what I'd consider acceptable. Skin tones were pretty good in the "Sunlit" Portrait, as was color in the flower bouquet. The blue flowers were slightly dark and purplish, but still good overall. Indoors, the Nikon 8400 handled the difficult incandescent lighting of the Indoor Portrait test unusually well. (Big kudos to Nikon on this score - very few digicams do a good job with household incandescent lighting.) Overall, quite good-looking color, and the saturation control offers a good option for purists preferring less saturation.
  
  
• Exposure: Generally good exposure, but high contrast, and a tendency to underexpose subjects with strong highlights. (Exposure performance was also very similar to that of the 8800.) Exposure was typically good, though the Coolpix 8400 underexposed the "Sunlit" Portrait a fair amount, requiring a +1.3 EV exposure compensation boost to get good midtones. Like the 8800, when confronted with a scene with strong highlights, the Nikon 8400 tries to hold onto highlight detail, at the cost of an overall underexposure. This is a technically correct and desirable characteristic in a camera if the shooter intends to tweak the images on the computer before printing or sharing them. For casual shooters though, it will mean a lot of underexposed shots, or the need to become very familiar with the exposure compensation adjustment. (Not a bad idea anyway, just keep in mind that the Coolpix 8400 isn't a "casual" camera.) The 8400's default tone curve was also quite contrasty, so it had a hard time with harsh lighting such as that found in my deliberately-awful "Sunlit Portrait" test. Its contrast adjustment works better than that on other recent high-end Coolpix models I've tested in the past, but it could really stand at least one more notch of range in the low-contrast direction. Bottom line: A camera that'll deliver excellent photos, but one that requires a bit more attention to exposure than most.
  
  
• Resolution/Sharpness: High resolution, 1,650 lines of "strong detail." The Nikon Coolpix 8400 performed very well on the "laboratory" resolution test chart. It started showing artifacts in the test patterns at resolutions as low as 1,200 lines per picture height vertically and horizontally. I found "strong detail" out to at least 1,650 lines. (Compared to the Coolpix 8800, its images were just slightly less crisp, but there were fewer artifacts in the very fine detail. Overall performance was pretty equivalent though.) "Extinction" of the target patterns didn't occur until about 2,000 lines. Looking at the results from Imatest, the "MTF 50" numbers tend to correlate best with visual perceptions of sharpness, so those are what I focus on here. The uncorrected resolution figures for the Coolpix 8400 were 1380 line widths per picture height in the horizontal direction (corresponding to the vertically-oriented edge), and 1391 along the vertical axis (corresponding to the horizontally-oriented edge), for a combined average of 1386 LW/PH. Correcting to a "standardized" sharpening with a one-pixel radius increases this number slightly, to an average of 1519 LW/PH, a very good number. (This is very slightly lower resolution than I found with the Coolpix 8800, which came in at a corrected average of 1559 LW/PH.)
  
  
• Image Noise: Low noise at low ISOs, with good "grain structure," high at ISO 200, objectionable at ISO 400. (Another case where the 8400 was essentially identical to the 8800.) Image noise on the 8800 was interesting: At the ISO 50 and 100 settings, image noise was visible but quite tolerable, particularly at ISO 50, where what noise there was, was very fine-grained. At ISO 200, details were slightly obscured by the anti-noise processing, the noise levels were higher, and the noise was less fine-grained, but still within a range that I think most users would consider acceptable. At ISO 400, the noise was much stronger, more subject detail was lost, and the noise pattern became much coarser, although it was still tighter than that in many cameras. I personally wouldn't consider the Coolpix 8400 to be usable at ISO 400 for large prints, but it would be fine for 4x6 snapshots.
  
  
• Closeups: A very small macro area with great detail, though some strong softening in the corners. Flash has trouble up close though. True to Nikon form, the Coolpix 8400 performed very well in the macro category, capturing a minimum area of only 1.83 x 1.37 inches (46 x 35 millimeters). Resolution was very high, showing a lot of fine detail in the dollar bill. Details were quite soft on the coins and brooch due to the close shooting range, as well as some softening of detail in the corners of the frame. (The soft brooch and coins are due to the shallow depth of field at macro distances, so aren't the camera's fault. On the other hand, the soft corners are, but most digicams produce images with soft corners when shooting in their Macro modes.) The Coolpix 8400's flash had trouble at such close range, overexposing the majority of the frame. (A good idea to have alternative lighting for macro shooting with this camera.)
  
  
• Night Shots: Good to moderate low-light performance. Good exposure and moderate image noise, but slight color tints. Very good low-light autofocus performance, IF you have the camera on a tripod and have a nice contrasty subject. The Nikon Coolpix 8400 produced clear, bright, usable images down to the 1/16 foot-candle (0.67 lux) limit of my test, only at the 400 ISO setting. At ISOs 50 and 100, images were bright down to the 1/4 foot-candle (2.7 lux) light level. At ISO 200, images were bright down to the 1/8 foot-candle (1.3 lux) light level, though the target was visible at the lowest light level of the test. Overall color was slightly warm, but still pretty good. Noise was fairly low in most shots. At ISO 400, image noise was fairly high, but the camera's Noise Reduction system did do a fair job of decreasing its effects. Without Noise Reduction enabled, the bright pixels reddened the color balance. Noise level remained high with Noise Reduction, but the overall image still looked a little better. The Nikon 8400's autofocus system worked very well in dim lighting, focusing without its AF-assist light down to about 1/8 foot-candle, and in complete darkness with the AF-assist light enabled. NOTE though, that the camera struggled a fair bit with low-contrast subjects, and often had a very hard time focusing if hand-held vs tripod-mounted. Since average city street lighting at night equates to about one foot-candle, the Coolpix 8400 ought to do very well in average night conditions, provided you can give it a reasonably high-contrast edge to focus on.
  
  
• Viewfinder Accuracy: Good accuracy from the EVF and LCD monitor. The Coolpix 8400's "electronic" optical viewfinder (EVF) was fairly accurate, showing about 95 percent of the final image area at wide angle. At telephoto, the top measurement line was just cut off, but frame accuracy is probably close to that of wide angle. The LCD produced similar results, since it's really just the same view on a larger screen. Given that I like LCD monitors to be as close to 100 percent accuracy as possible, the Coolpix 8400's LCD monitor has just a little room for improvement, but should be plenty accurate for typical shooting.
  
  
• Optical Distortion: High barrel distortion at wide angle. Moderate to low chromatic aberration, good sharpness in the corners. Geometric distortion on the Coolpix 8400 was quite high at the wide-angle end, where I measured approximately 1.01 percent barrel distortion. (Perhaps somewhat to be excused due to its excellent wide angle capability.) The telephoto end fared quite a bit better, as I measured approximately 0.01 percent barrel distortion (about two pixels' worth) there. Chromatic aberration was moderate at wide angle settings (better than average, I'd say, given the very wide angle capability of the 8400), and very low at telephoto focal lengths. (This distortion is visible as a very slight colored fringe around the objects at the edges of the field of view on the resolution target.) The 8400's lens also did a much better job than most at maintaining sharpness into the corners of the frame.
  
  
• Good shutter response, average cycle times, but slow writes to the memory card. While its cycle times are merely average, the Coolpix 8400's best-case shutter lag numbers of 0.39 - 0.41 second are quite impressive, no doubt thanks in part to its hybrid IR/Contrast Detection AF system. It's important to note though, that the best shutter response comes when the camera's Hybrid AF system is engaged, an option that's only available when the camera's multi-area AF system is disabled. Shutter response is quite good even in multi-area AF mode though, at 0.54 - 0.56 second. Oddly though, shutter response suffered significantly whenever we shot while the camera was still writing previous images to the memory card. Under that condition, shutter lag was 1.15 second with reasonably fast memory cards (4x or better), but stretched to 2.3 seconds with a very slow card we had on hand. As noted, the Coolpix 8400's shot to shot cycle time of 2.7 - 3.3 seconds is a little slow by current standards, but its performance in its various Continuous modes is quite good. In Continuous High mode, the camera captures up to 5 shots at a rate of 2.3 frames/second. In Continuous Low mode, the camera captures a variable number of images depending on the image size/quality selected, at a rate of 1.1 frames/second. NOTE though, that Continuous Low mode can yield corrupted images if you're shooting at high ISOs in Large/Extra Fine mode. For the real speed fanatics, Ultra High Speed continuous mode can capture up to 100 TV-sized (640x480) images at a rate of 30 frames/second. Overall, the biggest speed issue with the Nikon 8400 is that it's rather slow writing to its memory card, and doesn't benefit much from very fast memory cards. Buffer clearing times for JPEG files captured in single-shot mode are long but reasonable, in the range of 15-20 seconds. RAW-mode files clear much more slowly (42 seconds), and long series of shots captured in continuous mode can take 100 seconds or more to fully clear the buffer.
  
  
• Battery Life: Excellent battery life. The Coolpix 8400 unfortunately uses a custom power connector, so I wasn't able to perform my usual direct power measurements on it. In use, its battery did seem to last quite a long while though, and I measured its worst case run time (capture mode, with the rear-panel LCD illuminated) at 2 hours and 56 minutes (176 minutes total), a very good performance indeed, and a dramatic improvement over the battery life of the earlier 8700 model.

Conclusion

Now that we've had a chance to fully test a final production model, our earlier impressions of the Nikon Coolpix 8400 have been pretty well borne out. Image quality was generally excellent, with loads of resolution, in-camera sharpening that struck a good balance between perceived sharpness and minimal artifacts, good (if somewhat bright) color, and a lens that kept chromatic aberration largely in check yet maintained good sharpness in the corners of the frame. The two standout features of the Nikon 8400 are its fast shutter response (among the best we've seen in a prosumer camera), and its super-wide 24-85mm equivalent zoom lens. A Nikkor add-on wide-angle adapter pushes the wide end of the lens's range to an incredible 18mm, unheard of in prosumer digicams, other than "fisheye" adapters. If you need to shoot at wide angle, the Nikon 8400 will be a no-brainer decision. (For Realtors, this is the camera to get.) Likewise, if fast-breaking action is important, the 8400 has the speed to capture it.

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